R42 练习: 权益证券概述
考纲范围
- describe characteristics of types of equity securities
- describe differences in voting rights and other ownership characteristics among different equity classes
- compare and contrast public and private equity securities
- describe methods for investing in non-domestic equity securities
- compare the risk and return characteristics of different types of equity securities
- explain the role of equity securities in the financing of a company’s assets
- contrast the market value and book value of equity securities
- compare a company’s cost of equity, its (accounting) return on equity, and investors’ required rates of return
Q1.
Which of the following shares are known to have residual claim?
A. The common shares.
B. The debt obligation.
C. The preferred shares.
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答案:A
解析:普通股(common shares)具有剩余索取权(residual claim),即在公司清算时,普通股股东在所有债务和优先股股东获得偿付后,才能分配剩余资产。债务(B)和优先股(C)有优先于普通股的索取权。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 普通股具有剩余索取权 B ✗ 债务有优先索取权 C ✗ 优先股的索取权优先于普通股 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q2.
Which of the following is not a characteristics of preference shares?
A. The dividends are fixed.
B. They provide shareholders with the opportunity to participate in major corporate governance decisions.
C. Preference shares can be perpetual.
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答案:B
解析:优先股通常没有投票权,不参与公司重大治理决策(B不是优先股特征)。优先股股息通常是固定的(A正确),且可以是永续的(C正确)。参与公司治理决策是普通股的特征。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 优先股股息通常是固定的 B ✓ 参与公司治理是普通股特征,不是优先股 C ✗ 优先股可以是永续的 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q3.
Cumulative preference shares give shareholders the rights to:
A. receive the unpaid dividends in previous years and must be paid in full before dividends on common shares.
B. receive an additional dividend if the company’s profits exceed a predetermined level.
C. convert their shares into a specified number of common shares.
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答案:A
解析:累积优先股(cumulative preference shares)赋予股东在之前年度未支付的股息必须在普通股股息支付前全额支付的权利。B描述的是参与优先股(participating preference shares),C描述的是可转换优先股(convertible preference shares)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 累积优先股要求补发之前未付股息 B ✗ 这是参与优先股的特征 C ✗ 这是可转换优先股的特征 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q4.
The equity voting right system that allows shareholders to distribute their total voting rights to different candidates is referred to:
A. statutory voting.
B. cumulative voting.
C. proxy voting.
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答案:B
解析:累积投票制(cumulative voting)允许股东将其总投票权分配给不同候选人。法定投票制(statutory voting)要求每个席位必须分别投票。代理投票(proxy voting)是授权他人代为投票。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 法定投票制要求每个席位分别投票 B ✓ 累积投票制允许将总投票权分配给不同候选人 C ✗ 代理投票是授权他人投票 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q5.
Which of following statements is most accurate regarding putable common shares?
A. Putable common shares is less risky than callable common shares for investors.
B. Putable common shares give investors the right to sell its shares to other investors at a predetermined price.
C. Putable common shares give issuing company the option to buy back shares from investors at a predetermined price.
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答案:A
解析:可回售普通股(putable common shares)赋予投资者以预定价格将股份卖回给发行公司(而非其他投资者)的权利,这为投资者提供了下行保护,因此风险低于可赎回普通股(A正确)。B的描述中”卖给其他投资者”不正确(应为卖回给发行公司)。C描述的是可赎回普通股(callable common shares)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 可回售股票为投资者提供保护,风险低于可赎回 B ✗ 应为卖回给发行公司,而非其他投资者 C ✗ 这是可赎回普通股的描述 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q6.
George is the founder of a company. He has 10% ownership of this firm but 60% voting rights. This may be the results of:
A. different classes of common shares.
B. statutory voting.
C. cumulative voting.
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答案:A
解析:George持有10%股权但拥有60%投票权,这种差异最可能是因为公司有不同类别的普通股(如A类股和B类股),不同类别拥有不同的投票权。法定投票和累积投票是投票方式,不会导致持股比例和投票权的差异。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 不同类别普通股拥有不同投票权 B ✗ 法定投票是投票方式,不影响投票权比例 C ✗ 累积投票是投票方式,不影响投票权比例 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q7.
All of the following are characteristics of private equity securities except:
A. they are issued primarily to institutional investors via non-public offerings.
B. they are highly liquid.
C. there is no active secondary market for these securities.
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答案:B
解析:私募股权证券的特征包括:主要向机构投资者通过非公开发行(A),没有活跃的二级市场(C),流动性低。B说”高流动性”是错误的,私募股权流动性很低。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 私募确实主要向机构投资者发行 B ✓ 私募股权流动性低,不是高流动性 C ✗ 私募确实没有活跃的二级市场 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q8.
Which type of the following private equity investments is most associated with unlisted stocks?
A. Venture capital
B. Leveraged buyouts
C. Private investment in public equity
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答案:A
解析:风险投资(venture capital)最常与未上市股票相关,因为它投资于未上市的初创企业或早期阶段公司。杠杆收购(B)通常涉及已上市公司的私有化。PIPE(C)投资于公开上市公司。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 风险投资投资于未上市公司 B ✗ 杠杆收购通常涉及已上市公司 C ✗ PIPE投资于公开上市公司 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q9.
Which of the following characteristic most likely belongs to the unsponsored depository receipts?
A. The foreign company has a direct involvement in the issuance.
B. Investors don’t have voting rights.
C. Investors can convert unsponsored DRs into common shares.
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答案:B
解析:非担保存托凭证(unsponsored DRs)的特征是:外国公司不直接参与发行(A错误,描述的是担保DR),投票权归存托银行而非投资者(B正确)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 外国公司不直接参与非担保DR的发行 B ✓ 非担保DR中投票权归存托银行,投资者无投票权 C ✗ 非担保DR不一定可以转换为普通股 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q10.
Which of the following statements is not a characteristic of Level III ADRS?
A. They are traded on the exchanges.
B. They have a high listing fee.
C. They allow companies to raise capital through private placements to qualified institutional buyers.
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答案:C
解析:Level III ADR在交易所交易(A正确),有较高的上市费用(B正确)。通过私募向合格机构投资者募资是Rule 144A ADR的特征,不是Level III的特征(C错误)。Level III允许公司通过公开发行筹集资金。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ Level III ADR确实在交易所交易 B ✗ Level III ADR确实有较高上市费用 C ✓ 私募向合格机构投资者募资是Rule 144A的特征 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q11.
From an issuer’s point of view, which kind of the following preference shares is most risky?
A. Putable preference shares
B. Callable preference shares
C. Non-callable preference shares
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答案:A
解析:从发行人角度看,可回售优先股(putable preference shares)风险最大,因为投资者可以在不利条件下要求发行人以预定价格回购股份,给发行人带来现金流压力。可赎回(B)对发行人有利,非赎回(C)风险居中。
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 可回售优先股对发行人风险最大 B ✗ 可赎回优先股的赎回权在发行人手中 C ✗ 非赎回优先股风险居中 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q12.
A company is least likely to issue new shares for the purpose of:
A. making acquisitions for a peer company.
B. implementing ESOP (Employee Stock Option Plan).
C. increasing company’s share price.
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答案:C
解析:公司发行新股的目的包括:进行收购(A)和实施员工持股计划(B)。发行新股通常会稀释每股价值,不太可能用于提高股价(C)。事实上,发行新股往往导致股价下降。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 发行新股用于收购是常见目的 B ✗ 发行新股用于ESOP是常见目的 C ✓ 发行新股不太可能用于提高股价,反而可能稀释 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q13.
Which of the following statements regarding the value of equity is most accurate?
A. Book value of equity is the stock trading price times number of shares outstanding.
B. Book value and market value are rarely equal.
C. Management actions can directly affect the market value of equity.
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答案:B
解析:账面价值和市场价值很少相等(B正确)。A描述的是市场价值(而非账面价值),账面价值是总资产减总负债。管理层的行为不能直接影响市场价值(C错误),市场价值由市场参与者决定,管理层只能通过影响基本面间接影响。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 这是市场价值的定义,不是账面价值 B ✓ 账面价值和市场价值确实很少相等 C ✗ 管理层不能直接影响市场价值 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q14.
The value of equity securities can be measured by market value or book value. The market value:
A. is directly influenced by company’s management team.
B. reflects investors’ expectation of the company’s future cash flows.
C. equaling book value is the ultimate goal of management.
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答案:B
解析:市场价值反映了投资者对公司未来现金流的预期(B正确)。市场价值不能被管理层直接影响(A错误)。管理层的目标是最大化市场价值,而非使市场价值等于账面价值(C错误)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 管理层不能直接影响市场价值 B ✓ 市场价值反映投资者对未来现金流的预期 C ✗ 管理层目标是最大化市场价值 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q15.
David Smith, CFA, is an equity analyst at Golden Investment. He is estimating the cost of equity of a public company, Greenland. Which of the following statements made by Smith is most likely accurate?
A. The cost of equity is easier to estimate than the cost of debt.
B. The company’s cost of equity can be used as a proxy for investors’ minimum required rate of return.
C. The company’s cost of equity is the same as the investors’ average required rate of return on equity.
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答案:B
解析:公司的股权成本可以作为投资者最低要求回报率的代理变量(B正确)。股权成本比债务成本更难估计,因为没有固定的现金流承诺(A错误)。股权成本不等于投资者的平均要求回报率,而是边际要求回报率(C不够准确)。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 股权成本比债务成本更难估计 B ✓ 股权成本是投资者最低要求回报率的代理 C ✗ 股权成本不等于平均要求回报率 关联:R42: 权益证券概述
Q16.
Linda James, CFA, collects information of ABC company and intends to measure its return on equity (ROE).
| Item | Value |
|---|---|
| Beginning of year total assets | $345,000,000 |
| Beginning of year total liabilities | $128,000,000 |
| End of year total assets | $357,600,000 |
| End of year total liabilities | $129,400,000 |
| Total revenue | $150,000,000 |
| Net income | $11,500,000 |
| Dividends | $5,000,000 |
The ROE of ABC company is:
A. 5.04%
B. 5.17%
C. 5.30%
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答案:B
计算过程:
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 5.04%可能使用了期末权益 B ✓ ROE = 11,500,000 / 222,600,000 = 5.17% C ✗ 5.30%可能使用了期初权益 关联:R42: 权益证券概述