R29 练习: 资产负债表分析
考纲范围
- explain the financial reporting and disclosures related to intangible assets
- explain the financial reporting and disclosures related to goodwill
- explain the financial reporting and disclosures related to financial instruments
- explain the financial reporting and disclosures related to non-current liabilities
- calculate and interpret common-size balance sheets and related financial ratios
Q1.
Which of the following models is least likely to be used to report intangible assets under IFRS?
A. Cost model
B. Fair value model
C. Revaluation model
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答案:B
解析:在 IFRS 下,无形资产可以使用成本模型(Cost model)或重估模型(Revaluation model)进行后续计量。公允价值模型(Fair value model)用于投资性房地产等,不用于无形资产的后续计量。
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 成本模型是 IFRS 下无形资产的计量方法之一 B ✓ 公允价值模型不用于无形资产后续计量 C ✗ 重估模型是 IFRS 下无形资产的另一种计量方法(有活跃市场时) 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q2.
Compared to infinite intangible assets, which of the following is most likely correct about intangible assets with finite useful lives?
A. Intangible assets with finite useful lives must be amortized during their life.
B. Annual impairment test should be applied to intangible assets with finite useful lives.
C. Annual depreciation should be applied to these assets.
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答案:A
解析:
- 有限使用寿命的无形资产(finite useful lives):必须在其使用寿命内进行摊销(amortization),并在有减值迹象时进行减值测试
- 无限使用寿命的无形资产(infinite/indefinite useful lives):不摊销,但需要每年进行减值测试
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 有限寿命无形资产必须在使用寿命内摊销 B ✗ 年度减值测试适用于无限寿命无形资产,有限寿命仅在有迹象时测试 C ✗ 无形资产使用”摊销”(amortization)而非”折旧”(depreciation) 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q3.
Which of the following is the most correct description of goodwill?
A. Goodwill is an identifiable intangible asset.
B. The book value of the acquired company will significantly affect the goodwill generated during the acquisition process.
C. Goodwill needs to be capitalized when a business merger occurs.
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答案:C
解析:
- 商誉(Goodwill)是不可辨认的(unidentifiable)无形资产,而非可辨认的(A 错误)
- 商誉 = 收购价格 - 被收购公司可辨认净资产的公允价值(而非账面价值),所以 B 错误
- 企业合并时,商誉需要作为资产进行资本化(C 正确)
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 商誉是不可辨认的无形资产,不是可辨认的 B ✗ 影响商誉的是公允价值(fair value),而非账面价值(book value) C ✓ 企业合并时商誉需要资本化,记为资产 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q4.
Which of the following financial assets is least likely affected by the change in market prices?
A. Held-to-maturity investments.
B. Available for sale investments.
C. Trading securities.
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答案:A
解析:
- 持有至到期投资(Held-to-maturity, HTM):以摊余成本(amortized cost)计量,市价变动不影响账面价值
- 可供出售投资(Available-for-sale, AFS):以公允价值计量,未实现损益计入 OCI
- 交易性证券(Trading securities):以公允价值计量,未实现损益计入利润表
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ HTM 以摊余成本计量,受市价变动影响最小 B ✗ AFS 以公允价值计量,受市价变动影响 C ✗ 交易性证券以公允价值计量,受市价变动影响 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q5.
Which of the following financial assets do not recognize the change of unrealized gain and loss?
A. Trading securities
B. Available-for-sale securities
C. Held-to-maturity securities
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答案:C
解析:
- 交易性证券(Trading):未实现损益确认在利润表
- 可供出售证券(AFS):未实现损益确认在OCI(其他综合收益)
- 持有至到期证券(HTM):以摊余成本计量,不确认未实现损益
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 交易性证券在利润表中确认未实现损益 B ✗ AFS 在 OCI 中确认未实现损益 C ✓ HTM 不确认未实现损益,以摊余成本计量 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q6.
Which of the following statements is least likely correct?
A. Unearned revenue must be classified as current liability.
B. Deferred income related to goods or services which is expected to be delivered in periods beyond 12 months should be classified as long-term liability.
C. Under IFRS, deferred tax liabilities are classified as non-current liability.
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答案:A
解析:
- 预收收入(Unearned revenue)不一定全部是流动负债。如果相关商品或服务将在12个月以后交付,则应分类为非流动负债
- B 正确:超过12个月交付的递延收入应归为长期负债
- C 正确:在 IFRS 下,递延所得税负债(DTL)始终分类为非流动负债
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 预收收入不一定是流动负债,取决于交付时间 B ✗ 超过12个月交付的递延收入确实应分类为长期负债 C ✗ IFRS 下 DTL 确实分类为非流动负债 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q7.
Using the balance sheet data only, which of the following ratios is least likely to be measured?
A. Total asset turnover
B. Current ratio
C. Financial leverage
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答案:A
解析:
- 总资产周转率(Total asset turnover)= Revenue / Total Assets,需要利润表中的收入数据,仅用资产负债表数据无法计算
- 流动比率(Current ratio)= Current Assets / Current Liabilities,仅需资产负债表数据
- 财务杠杆(Financial leverage)= Total Assets / Total Equity,仅需资产负债表数据
选项 判断 解析 A ✓ 总资产周转率需要收入数据(来自利润表),仅BS不够 B ✗ 流动比率仅需 BS 中的流动资产和流动负债 C ✗ 财务杠杆仅需 BS 中的总资产和总权益 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析
Q8.
Which of the following statements is least likely a function of a common-size balance sheet?
A. It is better to compare companies’ balance sheet composition without the impact of scale.
B. It is easier to find out the variation in the percentage of balance sheet items over time.
C. It is easier to find out the growth of companies’ size over time.
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答案:C
解析:统一度量式资产负债表(Common-size balance sheet)将所有项目表示为总资产的百分比,消除了规模影响。因此:
- 可以更好地比较不同规模公司的资产负债表结构(A 正确)
- 可以更容易发现各项目占比的变化趋势(B 正确)
- 但由于消除了绝对金额,无法反映公司规模的增长(C 错误)
选项 判断 解析 A ✗ 消除规模影响后便于跨公司比较,这是 common-size 的功能 B ✗ 便于发现各项目占比的时间变化趋势 C ✓ Common-size 消除了绝对金额,无法反映规模增长 关联:R29: 资产负债表分析